Characterize the design of selective taxes on the Austria Email List consumption of sugary beverages in Latin America and the Caribbean, and evaluate the opportunities to increase their impact on consumption and health. Methods A comprehensive search and evaluation of legislation in force as of March 2019 was carried out, compiled using the existing monitoring tools of the Pan Austria Email List American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, secondary sources, as well as through a survey. to finance ministries. The analysis focused on the type of products taxed and the structure and basis of these excise taxes. Results Of the 33 countries evaluated, 21 apply selective taxes on the consumption of sugary beverages. Austria Email List In seven countries, excise taxes are also applied on bottled water and in at least four, excise taxes are applied on sweetened milk drinks.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Ten of these selective consumption taxes are ad valorem with some tax Austria Email List bases set in the first stages of the value chain, seven are specific and four are of a combined or mixed structure. In three countries, excise taxes are applied based on the sugar concentration of the product. Conclusions. Austria Email List Although the number of countries where excise taxes are applied to the consumption of sugary drinks is promising, there is great heterogeneity in their design in terms of structure, tax base and products taxed. Existing excise taxes could be further exploited to have a greater impact on sugary drink consumption and health if they included all categories of sugary drinks, excluding bottled water, and if more use were made of specific taxes regularly adjusted for inflation and possibly based on the sugar concentration of Austria Email List the product. All countries would benefit from more guidance. Future research should aim to address this gap.
The European Austria Email Listexperience for the management of frailty
During Austria Email List, the European Commission and 22 of its Member States co-financed the first joint action to address frailty in the elderly, called ADVANTAGE Joint Action. Within the framework of this initiative, a common strategy was defined, based on the best scientific evidence, to position healthy aging and frailty as priority public health issues in the participating countries and thus contribute to a homogeneous approach to frailty throughout Europe. This article details the methodology of the work carried out and the main achievements of Austria Email List and includes an analysis of the keys that contributed to its success. In the three years of operation, powerful multispectral networks were formed and developed, both nationally and internationally. Austria Email List was able to establish practical routes to globally address fragility and the prevention of dependency in 22 countries with very heterogeneous political, economic, social and organizational realities. ADVANTAGE has shown that actions of this type are feasible and effective, and that if the identified key success points are taken into account and applied, duly adjusted to each reality, this action can be reproducible in any country determined to promote the healthy aging of its population, including those of Latin America and the Caribbean.