This document examines inequalities among older people in income security. Belgium Email List Three dimensions of inequality are considered: a) inequalities in access to income support in different countries and different types of plans; b) inequalities in the level of support in Belgium Email List each country; and c) trends in gender inequalities. The stratification of the plans contributes to increasing gender inequalities and in all socioeconomic groups. In order to obtain more equitable and sustainable results in terms of income security for the elderly, a reform of policies is necessary aimed at incorporating excluded groups and eliminating public aid for privileged retirees.
Leadership, social determinants of health and health equity
Costa Rica is a country of special interest in the Region Belgium Email List of the Americas and in world health due to its good health. The United Nations Development Program ranks countries according to their level of human development based on life expectancy, education, and national income. Although Costa Rica is ranked 63rd and in the “high” group, in terms of health it belongs to the Belgium Email List “very high” group. In 2018, the average life expectancy of the countries in the “very high” group was 79.5 years, while in Costa Rica it was 80. In 2018, mortality in children under 5 was 8.8 / 1000 live births, lower than that of countries classified in the “very high” human development group. The expected years of schooling in Costa Rica amount to 15.4; closer to the average of 16, 4 years of the “very high” human development group Belgium Email List than the average of the “high” group. The country is much healthier than could be predicted by its national income; rather, other features of the development of society are likely to have played a key role in the development of good health.
The case of Costa Rica
a) the decision to stop investing in national defense, Belgium Email List which freed up money to invest in the health, education and well-being of the population; b) the decision to create a universal health system financed by the state, employers and workers in the 1940s; and c) the educational system, which created opportunities to lift important sectors of the population out of poverty, allowing them to have basic sanitary conditions that increase their chances of living longer and better Belgium Email List . Despite these advances, inequalities persist in terms of income and social conditions, posing challenges in the field of health, particularly for lower-income groups and Afro-descendants and indigenous people. These inequalities must be addressed through evidence-based decisions.